Of these various classes of chemogenetically engineered proteins, the most widely used to date have been Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) ( Armbruster and Roth, 2005 Armbruster et al., 2007), and this Neuron Primer is devoted to them.
Over the past two decades, a large number of chemogenetic (also known as “chemical genetic” ( Bishop et al., 1998 Strader et al., 1991 Chen et al., 2005 Sternson and Roth, 2014) platforms have been invented that have been useful for biologists in general and most especially for neuroscientists.Ī number of protein classes ( Table 1) have been chemogenetically engineered including kinases ( Bishop et al., 1998 Bishop et al., 2000 Chen et al., 2005 Cohen et al., 2005 Dar et al., 2012 Liu et al., 1998), non-kinase enzymes ( Collot et al., 2003 Häring and Distefano, 2001 Klein et al., 2005 Strobel, 1998), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ( Alexander et al., 2009 Armbruster and Roth, 2005 Armbruster et al., 2007 Redfern et al., 1999 Redfern et al., 2000 Vardy et al., 2015), and ligand-gated ion channels ( Arenkiel et al., 2008 Lerchner et al., 2007 Magnus et al., 2011 Zemelman et al., 2003) (for recent review, see Sternson and Roth, 2014). Chemogenetics has been defined as a method by which proteins are engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecule chemical actuators ( Forkmann and Dangelmayr, 1980 Sternson and Roth, 2014 Strobel, 1998).
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